The Garden Path Effect - 1741 Words

Monica Beasley The garden path effect Class: Cognitive psychology Professor: Linda A Gullatte One of the most important personalities in the cognitive psychology who studied the garden path effect is Lyn Frazier who is a Linguistics professor at the University of Massachusetts. His garden path model of syntactic parsing influenced many linguists in their studies about the lexical and syntactical ambiguity in our language. In his book â€Å"The sausage machine†, Frasier claims that the longer a sentence, the more grammatical rules needed to be applied. With each word added to a simple phrase, the structure of the sentence becomes more complicated and more time is spent in trying to understand the meaning of it. The smaller the†¦show more content†¦As I mentioned above, the word â€Å"cazut† by itself means â€Å"to fall† so the joke is supposed to read: â€Å"He fell into his thoughts and he broke his arm†. To Romanians this sentence is hilarious but others find it strange and ambiguous even after being explained. English language is not left out of these word games either. In the sentence â€Å"He was driving to the airport when he saw a sign that read: Airport Left,; then he turned around and went home.†, the word â€Å"left† is also a homonym that misleads us in the wrong path. The rest of the sentence is giving us the right understanding of the whole sentence. When we read the first part, â€Å"He was driving to the airport when he saw a sign that read, â€Å"Airport Left† the phrase leads us to believe that â€Å"left† is used as an adverb with the sense of â€Å"direction† and not as a verb (â€Å"to leave†). The second part, â€Å"then he turned around and he went home.† directs us towards the real meaning of the word â€Å"left† used in the context which is â€Å"to leave†. Playing with the meaning of the words can be fun but unless your game partner is fluent in the same language you play in, this game will not be entertaining for the othe r person. In Romania people say if you don’t understand a certain language jokes, then you are not proficient in that language. Speaking from experience, I find that statement to be true. The syntactic ambiguity we find in playing with homonyms is easilyShow MoreRelatedHow Can Open Lawn Room Rooms?1709 Words   |  7 Pagesreally is restful. It adds a feeling of room to even smaller grounds. So we may generalize and say that it can be perfectly to keep open lawn spaces. If a single covers his lawn area with many trees, with small flower beds here and there, the general effect is choppy and fussy. It is often a bit like an over-dressed person. One s grounds lose all individuality thus treated. A single tree or a smaller group is not a bad arrangement on the lawn. Usually do not centre the tree or trees. Allow them dropRead More The Labyrinth of Life in The Garden of Forking Paths by Yu Tsun1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe Labyrinth of Life in The Garden of Forking Paths by Yu T sun A labyrinth is classically a human construction designed to confuse. It can trap our lives, hiding our past and future and constantly forcing us to make choices, even though we may not know what the consequences of those choices might be. The confusion of the puzzle may even tempt us to run blindly through the labyrinth, ending in disaster. Life itself is often considered such a labyrinth, and by adopting the strategies of travelersRead More Dead Mans Path by Chinua Achebe Essay866 Words   |  4 PagesDead Mans Path by Chinua Achebe A story about the clash of two sets of values ============================================= This story by Chinua Achebe presents the conflict between world-views and value systems. Dead Mans Path is set in Nigeria in 1949. It is on the subject of a man named Michael Obi who is the new, enthusiastic and wholehearted headmaster of an underprivileged and disadvantaged school. This story explores the effects of European customs and Read MoreMorning brought the peace of a warm sunny day to the small town of Tributary such a contrast to1600 Words   |  7 PagesFernandez’s garden! The playhouse was hers, not Nikki’s and she was going to make sure that Nikki did not step one foot in her lovely little house. Corvida stomped down the dirt path next to Maple Crescent Brook, muttering under her breath, â€Å"How dare that Nikki Fernandez take my playhouse. The only way this could be worse is if it had landed in Megan Fayreweather’s back yard! Nikki better not even look at my—† Something caught Corvida Bratleigh’s attention as she trudged down the dirt path behind theRead MoreBeing A Community College Garden979 Words   |  4 Pages Seeds For Change Looking around Columbia State Community College with the stunning zinnia gardens throughout the grounds, with ample land space and seeing recycling bins placed around the campus, and non smoking signs on the doors, CSCC is on the right path toward being a green campus; we can do more with a starting a community college garden. Imagine a community garden at CSCC where the students, faculty and the community show off with pride, not only because of its beauty, but becauseRead MoreHistory of the Temple of Heaven717 Words   |  3 Pagesis a symbol to the relationship between earth and heaven. It is also known as an Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing. The main construction of this glorious temple lies on a central north-south axis and surrounded by trees and gardens. Usually, the locals use this garden for practicing Chinese traditional martial arts, such as, tai chi, jian zi, wu shu. Playing instruments, singing, dancing kite flying and badminton are included to the public activiti es. Entry ticket: 10 yuan/person, park admissionRead MoreSearch Of Our Mother s Garden By Alice Walker1368 Words   |  6 PagesAlice Walker’s essay, â€Å"In Search of our Mother’s Garden† describes the violence towards African American women during the time of slavery and post Reconstruction Era in the United States and the grave, but not permanent, mark this suffering has left on these women. The author first mentions Jean Toomer, a black poet, who notices the toll of this assault. He describes seeing these women, but observing that a part of them was missing and stolen from them because of the physical and sexual abuse theyRead MoreHowards Utopia Essay1471 Words   |  6 PagesThe notion of â€Å"Garden City†, famously explored by Ebenezer Howard was a solution intended to bring together the economic and cultural advantages of both city and country living. He sees it as an alternative to the congested urban areas in England. Canberra –the capital city of Australia differs from the garden city proper, a city that is perhaps not what Howard wished garden city to be. Nonetheless Canberra is a city that incorporates many of the garden city principles and in this essay I will argueRead MoreSetting Archetypes1258 Words   |  6 Pagesthe fight for good and evil happens. 2. The Garden – In ancient times, across many cultures (Sumeria, Greece, Rome) the garden was seen as a place of earthly delights. Often stories about young love had couples meeting in gardens. Gardens came to symbolize love, fertility and the female body – until the spread of Christianity. With increased teachings of the Bible the â€Å"garden† (Eden) became a symbol of an eternal, forbidden paradise. The walled gardens of later Christian art show the Madonna/VirginRead More How do William Blake and William Wordsworth respond to nature in their811 Words   |  4 Pagessyllables in each line, Sound the flute! This makes the poem flow and also makes it seem childlike. ‘The Garden of Love’ is a poem of experience. In it, Blake uses more drama than Wordsworth. He writes it in first person, â€Å"I went to the Garden of Love.† He uses the phrase ‘ Garden of Love’ ironically which shows that he means it sarcastically and it really isn’t a garden of love. In it, he uses the word ‘and’ on nearly every sentence, â€Å"And the gates of this Chapel were shut.† He stresses

Essay on Euthanasia in Nursing - 731 Words

Euthanasia is a term that originated from the Greek language: eu meaning good and thanatos meaning death. Generally, euthanasia implies the intentional termination of life that is initiated by a person who wishes to commit suicide. However, euthanasia has many meanings and as a result, has several terms that define and differentiate various types of euthanasia. For instance, passive euthanasia is altering a form of support thereby hastening the death of a person, i.e. removing life support or not delivering CPR. Causing the death of a person through a direct action and in response to the request of that person is considered active euthanasia. When information and/or the means are supplied by the physician to commit suicide, it is†¦show more content†¦The American Nurses Association regards active euthanasia inconsistent with the Code for Nurses and is considered ethically unacceptable. It has been the role of a nurse to promote, preserve, and protect human life. As m embers of the profession, nurses are obligated to offer end of life care, which includes the promotion of comfort for pain and suffering, and foregoing life sustaining treatments. Care does not include deliberately terminating life. Where is the distinction made? Personally, its hard for me as a nursing student to differentiate between the passive acceptance of withholding medications or treatments per the patients request and the disfavored active form of euthanasia. I am aware that with one form the nurse is indirectly aiding in a persons request to die and in the other form, the nurse is directly aiding in their death. Either way, the nurse was responsible for carrying out the patients death wish. It is my belief that this topic brings about a lot of debate within the nursing profession, especially between nurses who dont deal with the terminally ill and nurses who do. It is hard to define the whole nursing profession as being opposed to euthanasia because each nurse has seen or experienced the death of someone and has been affected by it individually. For example, I have witnessed the pain andShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The Death Of Euthanasia1456 Words   |  6 PagesDeath Rights: Euthanasia We as a people live in a society dominated by politics, laws, ethics, and most of all the freedom of choice. This freedom is challenged for a particular group of individuals who are often ignored in their plea for this choice, no matter how much they beg and scream for a peaceful means of death. Euthanasia must be put into effect immediately, it is a choice we must not make, the sufferers must make this controversial choice because it is their life, it must not be in theRead MoreVoluntary/Assisted Euthanasia Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesVoluntary/Assisted Euthanasia Grand Canyon University Ethical Decision Making in Health Care Voluntary/Assisted Euthanasia (Thesis, Description of the topic and related ethical implications, Obligations to your profession and work as a nurse) Debra Burden The purpose of this paper is to define the issue and legalities of assisted death and the key ethical arguments, including the social values and norms, encompassing this topic. Also included in this paper on voluntary/assisted suicideRead MoreEuthanasia, Mercy Killing, And Euthanasia1101 Words   |  5 Pages Euthanasia, mercy killing, assisted suicide, no matter what you call it, the topic is very controversial. Personally, I would have to agree with the concept. I know that there are people who are completely against it, and there are those that would consider it in certain situations. By covering this topic maybe I can share some light on the pros of euthanasia for those against it. Euthanasia by definition is the act or practice of killing or permitting the death of hopelessly sick or injured individualsRead MoreAnalysis of an Ethical Dilemma Essay1232 Words   |  5 Pages Voluntary/ Assisted Euthanasia By Feba Erattakulangara, Jacinda Koski, Nne Uyoh, Olga Gray Grand Canyon University Ethical Decision Making in Health Care NRS 437V February 24, 2013 Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma (Part1) Voluntary/ Assisted Euthanasia Amongst the multitude of ethical dilemmas in health care the debate about voluntary or assisted euthanasia presents to be the most controversial. For over two thousandRead MoreThe Ethics Of Assisted Suicide1526 Words   |  7 Pageschange occurs, nurses must adhere to the Code of Ethics as defined by the ANA. Many arguments are being proposed to change legislation in favor of assisted suicide. SHIFTED NURSING VIEWS ON ASSISTED SUICIDE 3 Nursing Roles in Assisted Suicide The profession of nursing has constantly played a key role in caring for patients at at the end of their life in many settings. It is vital that nurses reflect on their own morals and beliefs so that challenging topics such asRead MoreApplication Of The Code Of Ethics For Nurses With Interpretative Statements1699 Words   |  7 Pagesencounter many different ethical dilemmas in the healthcare field and must be prepared. A few dilemmas include active euthanasia, influenza vaccinations, maintaining an ethical environment, keeping patients healthcare information confidential, and continuing education. Nursing and Active Euthanasia One of the more controversial issues in healthcare is active euthanasia. Active euthanasia can be defined as the use of lethal drugs by a health-care professional with the intention of terminating the patient’sRead MoreA Brief Note On Euthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide1656 Words   |  7 Pages Support the Right to Choose-Euthanasia Shawnna Meyer ENGL 111-02F Professor Heather Burford April 20, 2016 Situational Analysis: This essay is a formal academic manuscript that was written to provide personal bias about the topic of euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide. More specifically the essay addresses the religious aspects of this topic and what role it plays in the conflict. I, the author, am applying to the nursing school at IVY Tech. The audience for this piece ofRead MoreShould Euthanasia or Assisted Suicide Be Legalized in Canada?1486 Words   |  6 PagesEuthanasia, formally known as mercy killing, is the act of intentionally causing the painless death of a sick person, rather than allowing that person to die naturally. In terms of a physicians actions, it can be passive in that a physician plays no direct role in the death of the person or it can be active in that the physician does something directly to cause the death (Yount, 2002). Euthanasia may also be formed into three types of act, which are voluntary, involuntary, and nonvoluntary. VoluntaryRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assiste d Suicide918 Words   |  4 Pagescountries, including the United States, active euthanasia, or physician-assisted suicide, raises public controversy with issues concerning morality, ethics and legality. Regardless of whether or not a person is in favor of, or opposed to active euthanasia, all people would agree that they would want a dignified death for themselves and their loved ones. The problem then starts when people cannot agree to the definition of â€Å"dignity†. Opponents of active euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide contendRead MoreEuthanasia Persuasive Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesAn Avoidable Loss Death by choice or euthanasia is a very controversial subject that is typically one-sided. The very concept of death alone is somewhat a taboo, but controlling death itself is another monster. Death by choice or â€Å"euthanasia† should not be legalized because it promotes defeatism, may lead to the strict procedures to become more accessible to people with non-fatal illnesses, could legitimize murder, or pressure the elderly. When an unfortunate illness befalls, people have a tendency

Nurse-patient ratio Free Essays

Nurse-patient ratio laws are state mandates requiring hospitals to keep to a maximum sealing limit of the ratio of nurses to patients. At the moment, states that have yet to apply any nurse-patient ratio limits typically charge each of their nurses the care of at least 6 nurses and even as high as 8 to 10 (Churchouse, 2002). Barnes-Jewish hospital for example has a ratio of 1 nurse to 10 patients (St. We will write a custom essay sample on Nurse-patient ratio or any similar topic only for you Order Now Louis, 2004). California’s Assembly Bill 394 is one of the forerunning legislations that mandated the regulation of nurse-patient ratios across hospitals. This bill had been largely contested by hospital lobbyists who are now bartering with state officials on the most flexible regulations that could be imposed. While nursing associations and nursing labor unions all over the country are proposing the ideal 1:2 ratio, hospital management firmly claim this to be impossible. In some other states such as Illinois, staging progression procedures have been introduced as a viable means to improve nurse-patient ratios over a period of 5-10 years (Bartolomeo, 2001). Since after the Second World War, the problem of increasing nurse-patient ratios have begun to accrue. By the mid-80s the pressing need for more nurses became even more drastic when the academe saw a decline in the local demand for the profession. This eventually led hospitals to searching for nurses abroad which continued to persist to the present day. However, outsourcing the nurse supply was also coupled by hospital management cutbacks on staffing which still resulted to poor nurse-patient ratios. Hospitals also allegedly implemented management regulations preventing nursing staff from discussing and objecting to nurse-patient hospital policies. However by the late 90s, nursing unions have begun to seek help from media institutions, local communities, and contract negotiators to help them bargain less congested working conditions with hospital management. This led the nursing unions to asking help from their respective state governments. Finally in January of 2002, California’s AB 394 mandated the issue of staffing ratios in hospitals throughout the state, but this victory of the nursing unions was short-lived as hospital management immediately bargained with legislators for staffing ratios that were most advantageous for them. While nursing organizations persisted with a 1:2 to a 1:4 ratio, hospital lobbyists led by the California Healthcare Association, a consortium of 500 hospitals insisted that the acceptable nurse-patient ratio could be no less than 1:6. Currently, one of the country’s largest Health Management Organizations, Kaiser Permanente broke away from the bulk of institutions opposed to lower nurse-patient ratios and advocated a 1:4 ratio that it currently implements in its facilities. Kaiser discussed further ways of lowering the ratio with nursing unions and agreed to have the approved recommendations of such discussions implemented on all Kaiser owned establishments (Bartolomeo, 2001). Current working conditions lead nurses into compromising situations wherein their work suffers because of the immense number of tasks that they have to do all at once. While some hospitals implement â€Å"fair† policies that allow nurses enough room to breathe in their work, a lot more hospitals and health care organizations are run by profit oriented groups whose main concern includes minimizing costs. What’s worse is that since health care in various parts of the country has been transformed into a corporate affair between gigantic businesses who buy health care plans from HMOs who sell them, competition has become a matter of who can provide the better corporate deal over who can provide better hospital service. Since the patients don’t have much choice with respect to which health care deals their employer will take, this rules out quality by competition from ushering hospitals to make nurse-patient ratio improvements on their own. Thus, a state mandated regulation is the only way to force these hospitals to provide an appropriate working environment for their nurses. There are several controversial aspects to the legislation of nurse-patient ratio regulation. One popular controversy is the actual capability of today’s supply of nurses to fill in the vacancies that would be created by such legislation. The Illinois Hospital Association contends that current nursing programs of the state are not viable to handle the demand for the number of nurses required to maintain the ratios mandated by laws like California’s AB394. Another criticism is insensitivity of a rigid nurse-patient ratio to patient’s individual medical differences. Critics also point out differences between hospitals, resources and even nursing units which could be blurred out in the implementation of a state mandate indiscriminately throughout all hospitals. I believe that hospital policies at the moment are more profit-oriented than health oriented. It is this slippery slope that leads to understaffing and overly high nurse-patient ratios. However, I also think that an inflexible legislation on nurse-patient ratios would do little to solve the problem. Nurses from different units are very different and there needs to be more extensive needs analysis studies conducted before a proper legislative action could be taken. Therefore while I am in favor of state legislation in order to curb inherent profit-oriented biases of hospital management, I am not in favor of haphazardly implementing one at the moment without considering factors forwarded by institutions like the Illinois Hospital Association. Like I said, I believe that while the California legislation is a victory for the labor rights of nurses in the state, it does not ensure an increase in nursing quality. I would consider the act positive with respect to labor rights but neutral with respect to patient care. Extensive scrutiny should be placed on the issues that arose after the legislation such as the differences among hospitals, resources, and nursing units. References: Churchouse, C. (2002). Senate Community Affairs References Committee Inquiry Into Nursing. Retrieved: July 19, 2007 from: http://72.14.235.104/search?q=cache:uQtMh4POYlUJ:www.aph.gov.au/senate/committee/clac_ctte/completed_inquiries/2002-04/nursing/submissions/sub04.doc+current+nurse-patient+ratio;hl=tl;ct=clnk;cd=3;gl=ph Bartolomeo, C. (2001). â€Å"Mandated staffing ratios: Health care professionals see the benefits and pitfalls.† Journal of the American Federation of Teachers. Vol. 30 Issue 2. P.114-118. Barnes-Jewish Hospital seeks to lower nurse-patient ratio. Retrieved July 19, 2007 from St. Louis Business Journal Website: http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/stories/2004/11/29/daily50.html ; How to cite Nurse-patient ratio, Essay examples